"And there appeared a great wonder [margin, sign] in heaven; a woman clothed
with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve
stars." Rev. 12:1.
NOTES.- Frequently in the Scriptures a woman is used to represent the church. See Jer.
6:2; 2 Cor. 11:2. The sun represents the light of the gospel with which the church was
clothed at the first advent (I John 2:8); the moon under her feet, the waning light of the
former dispensation; and the twelve stars, the twelve apostles.
"Woman in her innocence was attacked by 'that old serpent, called , the Devil, and
Satan.'. . . At the end of that first crafty assault and speedy victory the dragon met
with his rebuff, in words like these: 'The seed of the woman shall bruise thy head, and
thou shalt bruise His heel.'. . . In the Revelation the scene is changed from Eden to the
heavens, and before you stand again the woman and the serpent, in the same position of
antagonism as before, the serpent still the assailant, only this time more openly so. . .
. The woman is no longer a simple, childlike personage, but a wonder; she walks not
among the trees and flowers, but amid the orbs of heaven. She is clothed with the sun, the
moon is under her feet, and upon her head is a coronet of twelve stars. In her you see the
great cause of truth and righteousness embodied - she is, in fact, the church of God in
all ages, the woman whose Seed blesses all the nations of the earth." - C. H.
Spurgeon, in The Tabernacle Pulpit, March 15, 1886.
2. How is the church at the first advent described?
"And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be
delivered." Verse 2.
NOTE.-The church is in labor and pain while she brings forth Christ and her children,
in the midst of afflictions and persecutions. See Rom. 8:19,22; 1 John 3:1,2; 2 Tim. 3:12.
3. How are the birth, work, and ascension of Christ briefly described?
"And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of
iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to His throne." Verse 5.
NOTE.-Specifically this must refer to Christ (see Ps. 2:7-9) ; but through Him is also
prefigured the experience of the people of God, who finally in the judgment are to share
with Christ in ruling the nations with a rod of iron (Rev. 2:26,27), and, like Him, when
their work on earth is accomplished be "caught up," at His appearing, to God and
to His throne. 1 Thess. 4:15-17.
4. What other sign, or wonder, appeared in heaven?
"And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having
seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. And his tail drew the third
part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before
the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was
born." Verses 3,4.
5. Who is this dragon said to be?
"And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and
Satan, which deceiveth the whole world." Verse 9.
NOTE.-Primarily the dragon represents Satan, the great enemy and persecutor of the
church in all ages. But Satan works through principalities and powers in his efforts to
destroy the people of God. It was through a Roman king, King Herod, that he sought to
destroy Christ as soon as He was born. Matt. 2:16. Rome must therefore be symbolized by
the dragon. The seven heads of the dragon are interpreted by some to refer to the
"seven hills" upon which the city of Rome is built; by others, to the seven
forms of government through which Rome passed; and by still others, and more broadly, to
the seven great monarchies which have oppressed the people of God; namely, Egypt, Assyria,
Chaldea, Persia, Greece, pagan Rome, and papal Rome, in either of which Rome is
represented and included. See Chapter 60. The ten horns, as in the fourth beast of Daniel
7, evidently refer to the ten kingdoms into which Rome was finally divided, and thus again
identify the dragon with the Roman power.
6. How is the conflict between Christ and Satan described?
"And there was war in heaven; Michael and His angels fought against the dragon;
and the dragon fought and his angels, and prevailed not; neither was their place found any
more in heaven. And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and
Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels
were cast out with him." Verses 7-9.
NOTE.-This conflict, begun in heaven, continues on earth. Near the close of Christ's
ministry, He said, "I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven." Luke
10:18. "Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast
out." John 12:31. From the councils of the representatives of the various worlds
to which Satan, as the prince of this world, was formerly admitted (Job 1:6,7; 2:1,2), he
was cast out when he crucified Christ, the Son of God.
7. What shout of triumph was heard in heaven following the victory gained by Christ?
"And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and
strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of His Christ: for the accuser of
our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night. . . .
Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them." Verses 10-12.
8. Why was woe at this same time proclaimed to the world?
"Woe to the inhabiters of the earth and of the sea! for the devil is come down
unto you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time." Verse
12, last part.
NOTE.-This not only shows that, since the crucifixion of Christ, Satan knows that his
doom is sealed, and that he has but a limited time in which to work, but that his efforts
are largely if not wholly now confined to this world, and concentrated upon its
inhabitants. Better than many professed Christians, Satan knows that time is short.
9. What did the dragon do when cast to the earth?
"And when the dragon saw that he was cast unto the earth, he persecuted the
woman which brought forth the man child." Verse 13.
NOTE.-The persecution of Christians began under pagan Rome, but was carried on far more
extensively under papal Rome. Matt. 24:21,22.
10. What definite period of time was allotted to this great persecution of God's
people under papal Rome?
"And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into
the wilderness, unto her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half
a time, from the face of the serpent." Verse 14.
NOTE.-This is the same period as that mentioned in Dan. 7:25 and, like the ten horns,
identifies the dragon with the fourth beast of Daniel 7, and its later work with the work
of the little horn of that same beast. In Rev. 13:5 this period is referred to as
"forty-two months," and in Rev. 12:6 as 1260 days, each representing 1260
literal years, the period allotted to the supremacy of papal Rome. Beginning in 538 A.D.,
it ended in 1798, when the Pope was taken prisoner by the French. The woman fleeing into
the wilderness fittingly describes the condition of the church during those times of
bitter persecution.
11. What was Satan's design in thus persecuting the church?
"And the serpent cast out of his mouth water as a flood after the woman, that
he might cause her to be carried away of the flood." Verse 15.
12. How was the flood stayed, and Satan's design defeated?
